https://exmediawiki.khm.de/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Johannes 2026-04-25T01:37:19Z Benutzerbeiträge MediaWiki 1.43.5 https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Materiathek_Artists&diff=5486 2020-05-20T09:56:40Z

<p>Johannes: Die Seite wurde neu angelegt: „==== &#039;&#039;&#039;Joseph Beuys&#039;&#039;&#039; ==== In seinen Werken verwendet Joseph Beuys immer wieder Materialien wie Fett, Filz, Honig oder Schokolade, die traditionell nicht mi…“</p> <hr /> <div>==== '''Joseph Beuys''' ====<br /> <br /> In seinen Werken verwendet Joseph Beuys immer wieder Materialien wie Fett, Filz, Honig oder Schokolade, die traditionell nicht mit Kunst verbunden werden. Ein zentrales Anliegen seines gesamten Schaffens ist es, den Menschen Botschaften von den heilenden Kräften der Kunst zu vermitteln. Für die ‚Formulierung’ dieser Botschaften kommt nicht nur der Ikonographie der Werke im engeren Sinne, sondern auch ganz bestimmten Materialien, ihren Energien und Eigenschaften, eine zentrale Rolle zu. Der Künstler lädt sie mit Bedeutung auf und weist ihnen innerhalb seiner ‚Plastischen Theorie’ einen wichtigen Platz zu. In plastischen Werken werden in der Ausstellung die Materialien als ‚Substanzen’ real präsent sein: u.a. Fett, Filz, Schokolade, Wachs, Gips, Eisen und Holz. Für den Betrachter erschließt sich auf einer ersten Ebene der Zugang zu den Materialien über ihre nährenden, wärmenden, isolierenden, klanglichen, verwöhnenden Eigenschaften und über ihre Alltagsbedeutung. Dies ist für jeden einzelnen die Ausgangsbasis für eine Befragung der Werke und der Ideen des Künstlers.<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ''(https://kunstaspekte.art/event/joseph-beuys-die-materialien-und-ihre-botschaft-2006-11)''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Plastische Theorie von Beuys<br /> <br /> ''Die plastische Theorie lautet nun wie folgt: „Alles kommt aus dem<br /> Chaos und wird durch Bewegung zur Form gebracht, zu immer<br /> neuen Formen.“<br /> Dabei kann sich der Prozess auch umkehren. Dann fließen die Dinge<br /> vom Gedanklich-Formmäßigen in das Chaotisch-Willensmäßige zurück. „Etwas, was geordnet war, fällt in Chaos, wird ungeordnet.“''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> (siehe: http://joachimstiller.de/download/aesthetik_plastische_theorie.pdf)<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Datei:Beuys Plastische Theorie.png]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Datei:Beuys_Plastische_Theorie.png&diff=5485 2020-05-20T09:56:25Z

<p>Johannes: </p> <hr /> <div>aus http://joachimstiller.de/download/aesthetik_plastische_theorie.pdf</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4950 2020-04-21T13:10:31Z

<p>Johannes: /* Typ 2 Smart Material */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material Complexity Approach=====<br /> -work in progress-<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | Element|| Chemisches Grundelement<br /> |-<br /> | Verarbeitungsgrad || wie viele Verarbeitungs- und Kombinationsschritte hat das Material hinter sich? Roh vs. Designtes/gestaltetes Material <br /> |-<br /> | Anwendungorientierte Spezifizierung || Wie weit ist Funktion und Anwendung des Materials spezifiziert? (Beispiel: Halbzeug: Fenster, Rohre, Schrauben)<br /> |-<br /> | Kombinationsgrad || Aus wie vielen Materialien ist das Material zusammengesetzt (Beispiel: Kabel)<br /> |-<br /> | Reaktivität || Wie leicht und wie reagiert das Material auf externe Stimuli?<br /> |-<br /> | Interface Abhängigkeit || braucht das Material einen Träger, um in Erscheinung zu treten? (z.B. Code)<br /> |-<br /> | Lebendigkeitsgrad|| Organismus (konstant interargierendes, lebendiges Material; Biomaterialien)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Alternative Material Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> In the design fields, a host of different loose categorizations are used, many of which are particular (and perhaps idiosyncratic) to individual fields.<br /> Many are quite qualitative and readily mix traditional approaches. ln many design fields the material is chosen long before performance criteria are defined and as such the process tends to be artifact-driven. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Example: &lt;br&gt;<br /> Material ConneXion&lt;br&gt;<br /> The materials are organized similarly to the broad composition categories that sit at the top of the material science classification system, but are without the inductive lower layers that serve to explain thematerial. <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> The eight broad categories:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | polymers || glass|| ceramics || carbon-based || cement-based || metals || natural materials || natural material derivatives<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> == Smart Material Classifications ==<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional engineering approach the material is understood as an array of physical behaviors, as a singular static thing, an artifact. Considering smart materials as fixed artifacts is unsatisfactory as this neglects their contingency on their environment (their properties respond to and vary with external stimuli).&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> '''multi-layered classification'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> one layer characterizing thematerial according to its physical behavior (what it does) &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> other layer characterizing the material according to ist phenomenological behavior (the results of the physicalbehavior).&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Also must address questions about how smart materials relate to the world of intelligent devices and environments.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Characteristics of smart materials and systems''' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | Immediacy|| respond in real time<br /> |-<br /> | Transiency|| respond to more than one environmental state<br /> |-<br /> | Self-actuation|| intelligence is internal to rather than external to the 'material'.<br /> |-<br /> | Selectivity|| response is discrete and predictable<br /> |-<br /> | Directness|| response is local to the 'activating' event<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Smart Material Properties'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | chemical|| mechanical|| electrical|| magnetic|| thermal<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''lnput energy'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | electrical|| chemical|| thermal|| mechanical || radiative <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> smart material changes are reversible: when the energy input is removed, the material reverts back to its original properties.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Typ 1 Smart Material ====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Undergo changes in one or more of their propertiesin direct response to a change in the external Stimuli associated with the environment surrounding the material. Changes are direct and reversible.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> siehe Bilder hier: https://wolke.khm.de/index.php/apps/files/?dir=/materiathek/Bilder%20Materialklassifikation%20Smart%20Materials&amp;fileid=949588<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ===== Thermochromie =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (heat) to the material alters its molecular structure. The new molecular structure has a different spectral reflectivity than does the original structure; as a result, the material's 'color' - its reflected radiation in the visible range of the electro­magnetic spectrum - changes.<br /> ===== Magnetorheological =====<br /> the application of a magnetic field (or for electrorheological - an electrical field) causes a change in micro-structural orientation, resulting in a change in viscosity of the fluid. <br /> ===== Thermotropic =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (or radiation for a phototropic, electricity for electrotropic and so on) to the material alters its micro-structure through a phase change. In a different phase, most materials demonstrate different properties, including conductivity, transmissivity, volu­metric expansion, and solubility.<br /> ===== Shape Memory =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (which can also be produced through resistance to an electrical current) alters the microstructure through a crystalline phase change. This change enables multiple shapes in relationship to the environmental stimulus.<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Typ 2 Smart Material ====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Transform energy from one form to an output energy in another form. Changes are direct and reversible.'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> siehe Bilder hier: https://wolke.khm.de/index.php/apps/files/?dir=/materiathek/Bilder%20Materialklassifikation%20Smart%20Materials&amp;fileid=949588<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''The use of the term 'material' here can be slightly misleading.Many of the 'materials' in this class are actually made up of several more basic materials that are constituted in a way to provide a particular type of function. A thermoelectric, for example, actually consists of multiple layers of different Materials. The resulting assembly is perhaps better described as a simple device. The term 'material', however, has still come to be associated with these devices - largely because of the way they are conceptually thought about and used. Application-oriented thinking thus drives use of the term 'material' here.''<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ===== Photoluminescents =====<br /> an input of radiation energy from the ultraviolet spectrum (or electrical energy for an electro­luminescent, chemical reaction for a chemoluminescent) is converted to an output of radiation energy in the visible spectrum.<br /> <br /> ===== Photo­voltaics =====<br /> an input of radiation energy from the visible spectrum produces an electricalenergy (the term voltaic refers more to the material which must be able to provide the voltage potential to sustain the current).<br /> <br /> ===== Thermoelectrics =====<br /> an input of electrical current creates a temperature differential on opposite sides of the material. This temperature differential produces a heat engine, essentially a heat pump, allowing thermal energy to be transferred from one junction to the other.<br /> <br /> ===== Piezoelectrics =====<br /> elastic energy (strain) produces an electricity. Mostly, Inputs can be switched and an applied electric energy will produce a deformation (strain).<br /> <br /> ===== Electrostrictive=====<br /> Shape changes under the application of an electric field.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]][[Category:Classification]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4949 2020-04-21T13:10:01Z

<p>Johannes: /* Typ 1 Smart Material */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material Complexity Approach=====<br /> -work in progress-<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | Element|| Chemisches Grundelement<br /> |-<br /> | Verarbeitungsgrad || wie viele Verarbeitungs- und Kombinationsschritte hat das Material hinter sich? Roh vs. Designtes/gestaltetes Material <br /> |-<br /> | Anwendungorientierte Spezifizierung || Wie weit ist Funktion und Anwendung des Materials spezifiziert? (Beispiel: Halbzeug: Fenster, Rohre, Schrauben)<br /> |-<br /> | Kombinationsgrad || Aus wie vielen Materialien ist das Material zusammengesetzt (Beispiel: Kabel)<br /> |-<br /> | Reaktivität || Wie leicht und wie reagiert das Material auf externe Stimuli?<br /> |-<br /> | Interface Abhängigkeit || braucht das Material einen Träger, um in Erscheinung zu treten? (z.B. Code)<br /> |-<br /> | Lebendigkeitsgrad|| Organismus (konstant interargierendes, lebendiges Material; Biomaterialien)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Alternative Material Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> In the design fields, a host of different loose categorizations are used, many of which are particular (and perhaps idiosyncratic) to individual fields.<br /> Many are quite qualitative and readily mix traditional approaches. ln many design fields the material is chosen long before performance criteria are defined and as such the process tends to be artifact-driven. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Example: &lt;br&gt;<br /> Material ConneXion&lt;br&gt;<br /> The materials are organized similarly to the broad composition categories that sit at the top of the material science classification system, but are without the inductive lower layers that serve to explain thematerial. <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> The eight broad categories:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | polymers || glass|| ceramics || carbon-based || cement-based || metals || natural materials || natural material derivatives<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> == Smart Material Classifications ==<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional engineering approach the material is understood as an array of physical behaviors, as a singular static thing, an artifact. Considering smart materials as fixed artifacts is unsatisfactory as this neglects their contingency on their environment (their properties respond to and vary with external stimuli).&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> '''multi-layered classification'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> one layer characterizing thematerial according to its physical behavior (what it does) &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> other layer characterizing the material according to ist phenomenological behavior (the results of the physicalbehavior).&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Also must address questions about how smart materials relate to the world of intelligent devices and environments.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Characteristics of smart materials and systems''' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | Immediacy|| respond in real time<br /> |-<br /> | Transiency|| respond to more than one environmental state<br /> |-<br /> | Self-actuation|| intelligence is internal to rather than external to the 'material'.<br /> |-<br /> | Selectivity|| response is discrete and predictable<br /> |-<br /> | Directness|| response is local to the 'activating' event<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Smart Material Properties'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | chemical|| mechanical|| electrical|| magnetic|| thermal<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''lnput energy'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | electrical|| chemical|| thermal|| mechanical || radiative <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> smart material changes are reversible: when the energy input is removed, the material reverts back to its original properties.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Typ 1 Smart Material ====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Undergo changes in one or more of their propertiesin direct response to a change in the external Stimuli associated with the environment surrounding the material. Changes are direct and reversible.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> siehe Bilder hier: https://wolke.khm.de/index.php/apps/files/?dir=/materiathek/Bilder%20Materialklassifikation%20Smart%20Materials&amp;fileid=949588<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ===== Thermochromie =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (heat) to the material alters its molecular structure. The new molecular structure has a different spectral reflectivity than does the original structure; as a result, the material's 'color' - its reflected radiation in the visible range of the electro­magnetic spectrum - changes.<br /> ===== Magnetorheological =====<br /> the application of a magnetic field (or for electrorheological - an electrical field) causes a change in micro-structural orientation, resulting in a change in viscosity of the fluid. <br /> ===== Thermotropic =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (or radiation for a phototropic, electricity for electrotropic and so on) to the material alters its micro-structure through a phase change. In a different phase, most materials demonstrate different properties, including conductivity, transmissivity, volu­metric expansion, and solubility.<br /> ===== Shape Memory =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (which can also be produced through resistance to an electrical current) alters the microstructure through a crystalline phase change. This change enables multiple shapes in relationship to the environmental stimulus.<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Typ 2 Smart Material ====<br /> '''Transform energy from one form to an output energy in another form. Changes are direct and reversible.'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> ''The use of the term 'material' here can be slightly misleading.Many of the 'materials' in this class are actually made up of several more basic materials that are constituted in a way to provide a particular type of function. A thermoelectric, for example, actually consists of multiple layers of different Materials. The resulting assembly is perhaps better described as a simple device. The term 'material', however, has still come to be associated with these devices - largely because of the way they are conceptually thought about and used. Application-oriented thinking thus drives use of the term 'material' here.''<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ===== Photoluminescents =====<br /> an input of radiation energy from the ultraviolet spectrum (or electrical energy for an electro­luminescent, chemical reaction for a chemoluminescent) is converted to an output of radiation energy in the visible spectrum.<br /> <br /> ===== Photo­voltaics =====<br /> an input of radiation energy from the visible spectrum produces an electricalenergy (the term voltaic refers more to the material which must be able to provide the voltage potential to sustain the current).<br /> <br /> ===== Thermoelectrics =====<br /> an input of electrical current creates a temperature differential on opposite sides of the material. This temperature differential produces a heat engine, essentially a heat pump, allowing thermal energy to be transferred from one junction to the other.<br /> <br /> ===== Piezoelectrics =====<br /> elastic energy (strain) produces an electricity. Mostly, Inputs can be switched and an applied electric energy will produce a deformation (strain).<br /> <br /> ===== Electrostrictive=====<br /> Shape changes under the application of an electric field.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]][[Category:Classification]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Materiathek--issues_and_queries&diff=4731 2020-03-27T14:31:23Z

<p>Johannes: /* Question and Quotations */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Collection of issues and queries surrounding the topic of materiathek | material archive&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment: there are different possibilities to sort these questions<br /> * depending on each participant<br /> * focus of work<br /> * by main topics like immateriality, phenomenology, practicality, speculation etc<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====a first list of questions====<br /> (Karin)<br /> =====observations of material (and their definitions or ascriptions)=====<br /> * what are or can be divergences and confluences between digital and physical material?<br /> ** what is immaterial, digital, invisible, indeterminability etc.?<br /> ** and further on for me, how do we approach fictional and speculative aspects?<br /> ** what are the perceptional aspects of materiality?<br /> ** what are the semantic aspects? <br /> ** how do we combine or relate these?<br /> ** how do we define physicality and all overlapping, intersecting, negating, grazing features to the non-physical?<br /> <br /> =====material in processes, material as processes=====<br /> * what are the core aspects of artistic processes considering the material aspect?<br /> * can start and end points be made visible/readable/perceptible in any form? are there start and end points?<br /> * what is the &quot;inbetween&quot; of material? are these the processes or different states?<br /> <br /> =====taxonomies=====<br /> * what are relevant categorizations? what kind of taxonomy is sensible or practical?<br /> ** are descriptions in an archive/collection enough?<br /> ** what kind of digital, tactile, linguistic tools can be combined or are necessary for a diverse approach?<br /> <br /> * what kind of observations and experimentations are possible in respect to time, process, change?<br /> * is there a question of time or temporality in general?<br /> <br /> =====aspects of activeness, agency ...=====<br /> * what are terms of acting, with and within and outside of material aspects?<br /> <br /> <br /> =====Question and Quotations=====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &quot;What is tree and what is not tree? Where does the tree end and the rest of the world begin?&quot; - (most probably by Tim Ingold)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Not only look at the connection between different materials but also how to characterize differences<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> What is an artifact in comparision to a material?</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Materiathek--issues_and_queries&diff=4730 2020-03-27T14:30:56Z

<p>Johannes: </p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Collection of issues and queries surrounding the topic of materiathek | material archive&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment: there are different possibilities to sort these questions<br /> * depending on each participant<br /> * focus of work<br /> * by main topics like immateriality, phenomenology, practicality, speculation etc<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====a first list of questions====<br /> (Karin)<br /> =====observations of material (and their definitions or ascriptions)=====<br /> * what are or can be divergences and confluences between digital and physical material?<br /> ** what is immaterial, digital, invisible, indeterminability etc.?<br /> ** and further on for me, how do we approach fictional and speculative aspects?<br /> ** what are the perceptional aspects of materiality?<br /> ** what are the semantic aspects? <br /> ** how do we combine or relate these?<br /> ** how do we define physicality and all overlapping, intersecting, negating, grazing features to the non-physical?<br /> <br /> =====material in processes, material as processes=====<br /> * what are the core aspects of artistic processes considering the material aspect?<br /> * can start and end points be made visible/readable/perceptible in any form? are there start and end points?<br /> * what is the &quot;inbetween&quot; of material? are these the processes or different states?<br /> <br /> =====taxonomies=====<br /> * what are relevant categorizations? what kind of taxonomy is sensible or practical?<br /> ** are descriptions in an archive/collection enough?<br /> ** what kind of digital, tactile, linguistic tools can be combined or are necessary for a diverse approach?<br /> <br /> * what kind of observations and experimentations are possible in respect to time, process, change?<br /> * is there a question of time or temporality in general?<br /> <br /> =====aspects of activeness, agency ...=====<br /> * what are terms of acting, with and within and outside of material aspects?<br /> <br /> <br /> =====Question and Quotations=====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &quot;What is tree and what is not tree? Where does the tree end and the rest of the world begin?&quot; - (most probably by Tim Ingold)<br /> <br /> Not only look at the connection between different materials but also how to characterize differences<br /> <br /> What is an artifact in comparision to a material?</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4729 2020-03-27T14:25:48Z

<p>Johannes: /* Material Complexity Approach */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material Complexity Approach=====<br /> -work in progress-<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | Element|| Chemisches Grundelement<br /> |-<br /> | Verarbeitungsgrad || wie viele Verarbeitungs- und Kombinationsschritte hat das Material hinter sich? Roh vs. Designtes/gestaltetes Material <br /> |-<br /> | Anwendungorientierte Spezifizierung || Wie weit ist Funktion und Anwendung des Materials spezifiziert? (Beispiel: Halbzeug: Fenster, Rohre, Schrauben)<br /> |-<br /> | Kombinationsgrad || Aus wie vielen Materialien ist das Material zusammengesetzt (Beispiel: Kabel)<br /> |-<br /> | Reaktivität || Wie leicht und wie reagiert das Material auf externe Stimuli?<br /> |-<br /> | Interface Abhängigkeit || braucht das Material einen Träger, um in Erscheinung zu treten? (z.B. Code)<br /> |-<br /> | Lebendigkeitsgrad|| Organismus (konstant interargierendes, lebendiges Material; Biomaterialien)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Alternative Material Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> In the design fields, a host of different loose categorizations are used, many of which are particular (and perhaps idiosyncratic) to individual fields.<br /> Many are quite qualitative and readily mix traditional approaches. ln many design fields the material is chosen long before performance criteria are defined and as such the process tends to be artifact-driven. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Example: &lt;br&gt;<br /> Material ConneXion&lt;br&gt;<br /> The materials are organized similarly to the broad composition categories that sit at the top of the material science classification system, but are without the inductive lower layers that serve to explain thematerial. <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> The eight broad categories:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | polymers || glass|| ceramics || carbon-based || cement-based || metals || natural materials || natural material derivatives<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> == Smart Material Classifications ==<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional engineering approach the material is understood as an array of physical behaviors, as a singular static thing, an artifact. Considering smart materials as fixed artifacts is unsatisfactory as this neglects their contingency on their environment (their properties respond to and vary with external stimuli).&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> '''multi-layered classification'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> one layer characterizing thematerial according to its physical behavior (what it does) &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> other layer characterizing the material according to ist phenomenological behavior (the results of the physicalbehavior).&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Also must address questions about how smart materials relate to the world of intelligent devices and environments.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Characteristics of smart materials and systems''' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | Immediacy|| respond in real time<br /> |-<br /> | Transiency|| respond to more than one environmental state<br /> |-<br /> | Self-actuation|| intelligence is internal to rather than external to the 'material'.<br /> |-<br /> | Selectivity|| response is discrete and predictable<br /> |-<br /> | Directness|| response is local to the 'activating' event<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Smart Material Properties'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | chemical|| mechanical|| electrical|| magnetic|| thermal<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''lnput energy'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | electrical|| chemical|| thermal|| mechanical || radiative <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> smart material changes are reversible: when the energy input is removed, the material reverts back to its original properties.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Typ 1 Smart Material ====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Undergo changes in one or more of their propertiesin direct response to a change in the external Stimuli associated with the environment surrounding the material. Changes are direct and reversible.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ===== Thermochromie =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (heat) to the material alters its molecular structure. The new molecular structure has a different spectral reflectivity than does the original structure; as a result, the material's 'color' - its reflected radiation in the visible range of the electro­magnetic spectrum - changes.<br /> ===== Magnetorheological =====<br /> the application of a magnetic field (or for electrorheological - an electrical field) causes a change in micro-structural orientation, resulting in a change in viscosity of the fluid. <br /> ===== Thermotropic =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (or radiation for a phototropic, electricity for electrotropic and so on) to the material alters its micro-structure through a phase change. In a different phase, most materials demonstrate different properties, including conductivity, transmissivity, volu­metric expansion, and solubility.<br /> ===== Shape Memory =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (which can also be produced through resistance to an electrical current) alters the microstructure through a crystalline phase change. This change enables multiple shapes in relationship to the environmental stimulus.<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Typ 2 Smart Material ====<br /> '''Transform energy from one form to an output energy in another form. Changes are direct and reversible.'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> ''The use of the term 'material' here can be slightly misleading.Many of the 'materials' in this class are actually made up of several more basic materials that are constituted in a way to provide a particular type of function. A thermoelectric, for example, actually consists of multiple layers of different Materials. The resulting assembly is perhaps better described as a simple device. The term 'material', however, has still come to be associated with these devices - largely because of the way they are conceptually thought about and used. Application-oriented thinking thus drives use of the term 'material' here.''<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ===== Photoluminescents =====<br /> an input of radiation energy from the ultraviolet spectrum (or electrical energy for an electro­luminescent, chemical reaction for a chemoluminescent) is converted to an output of radiation energy in the visible spectrum.<br /> <br /> ===== Photo­voltaics =====<br /> an input of radiation energy from the visible spectrum produces an electricalenergy (the term voltaic refers more to the material which must be able to provide the voltage potential to sustain the current).<br /> <br /> ===== Thermoelectrics =====<br /> an input of electrical current creates a temperature differential on opposite sides of the material. This temperature differential produces a heat engine, essentially a heat pump, allowing thermal energy to be transferred from one junction to the other.<br /> <br /> ===== Piezoelectrics =====<br /> elastic energy (strain) produces an electricity. Mostly, Inputs can be switched and an applied electric energy will produce a deformation (strain).<br /> <br /> ===== Electrostrictive=====<br /> Shape changes under the application of an electric field.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]][[Category:Classification]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4728 2020-03-27T14:25:15Z

<p>Johannes: </p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material Complexity Approach=====<br /> -work in progress-<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | Element|| Chemisches Grundelement<br /> |-<br /> | Verarbeitungsgrad || wie viele Verarbeitungs- und Kombinationsschritte hat das Material hinter sich; Roh vs. Designtes/gestaltetes Material <br /> |-<br /> | Anwendungorientierte Spezifizierung || Wie weit ist Funktion und Anwendung des Materials spezifiziert (Beispiel: Halbzeug: Fenster, Rohre, Schrauben)<br /> |-<br /> | Kombinationsgrad || Aus wie vielen Materialien ist das Material zusammengesetzt (Beispiel: Kabel)<br /> |-<br /> | Reaktivität || Wie leicht und wie reagiert das Material auf externe Stimuli<br /> |-<br /> | Interface Abhängigkeit || braucht das Material einen Träger, um in Erscheinung zu treten? (z.B. Code)<br /> |-<br /> | Lebendigkeitsgrad|| Organismus (konstant interargierendes, lebendiges Material; Biomaterialien)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Alternative Material Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> In the design fields, a host of different loose categorizations are used, many of which are particular (and perhaps idiosyncratic) to individual fields.<br /> Many are quite qualitative and readily mix traditional approaches. ln many design fields the material is chosen long before performance criteria are defined and as such the process tends to be artifact-driven. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Example: &lt;br&gt;<br /> Material ConneXion&lt;br&gt;<br /> The materials are organized similarly to the broad composition categories that sit at the top of the material science classification system, but are without the inductive lower layers that serve to explain thematerial. <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> The eight broad categories:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | polymers || glass|| ceramics || carbon-based || cement-based || metals || natural materials || natural material derivatives<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> == Smart Material Classifications ==<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional engineering approach the material is understood as an array of physical behaviors, as a singular static thing, an artifact. Considering smart materials as fixed artifacts is unsatisfactory as this neglects their contingency on their environment (their properties respond to and vary with external stimuli).&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> '''multi-layered classification'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> one layer characterizing thematerial according to its physical behavior (what it does) &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> other layer characterizing the material according to ist phenomenological behavior (the results of the physicalbehavior).&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Also must address questions about how smart materials relate to the world of intelligent devices and environments.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Characteristics of smart materials and systems''' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | Immediacy|| respond in real time<br /> |-<br /> | Transiency|| respond to more than one environmental state<br /> |-<br /> | Self-actuation|| intelligence is internal to rather than external to the 'material'.<br /> |-<br /> | Selectivity|| response is discrete and predictable<br /> |-<br /> | Directness|| response is local to the 'activating' event<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Smart Material Properties'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | chemical|| mechanical|| electrical|| magnetic|| thermal<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''lnput energy'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | electrical|| chemical|| thermal|| mechanical || radiative <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> smart material changes are reversible: when the energy input is removed, the material reverts back to its original properties.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Typ 1 Smart Material ====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Undergo changes in one or more of their propertiesin direct response to a change in the external Stimuli associated with the environment surrounding the material. Changes are direct and reversible.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ===== Thermochromie =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (heat) to the material alters its molecular structure. The new molecular structure has a different spectral reflectivity than does the original structure; as a result, the material's 'color' - its reflected radiation in the visible range of the electro­magnetic spectrum - changes.<br /> ===== Magnetorheological =====<br /> the application of a magnetic field (or for electrorheological - an electrical field) causes a change in micro-structural orientation, resulting in a change in viscosity of the fluid. <br /> ===== Thermotropic =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (or radiation for a phototropic, electricity for electrotropic and so on) to the material alters its micro-structure through a phase change. In a different phase, most materials demonstrate different properties, including conductivity, transmissivity, volu­metric expansion, and solubility.<br /> ===== Shape Memory =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (which can also be produced through resistance to an electrical current) alters the microstructure through a crystalline phase change. This change enables multiple shapes in relationship to the environmental stimulus.<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Typ 2 Smart Material ====<br /> '''Transform energy from one form to an output energy in another form. Changes are direct and reversible.'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> ''The use of the term 'material' here can be slightly misleading.Many of the 'materials' in this class are actually made up of several more basic materials that are constituted in a way to provide a particular type of function. A thermoelectric, for example, actually consists of multiple layers of different Materials. The resulting assembly is perhaps better described as a simple device. The term 'material', however, has still come to be associated with these devices - largely because of the way they are conceptually thought about and used. Application-oriented thinking thus drives use of the term 'material' here.''<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ===== Photoluminescents =====<br /> an input of radiation energy from the ultraviolet spectrum (or electrical energy for an electro­luminescent, chemical reaction for a chemoluminescent) is converted to an output of radiation energy in the visible spectrum.<br /> <br /> ===== Photo­voltaics =====<br /> an input of radiation energy from the visible spectrum produces an electricalenergy (the term voltaic refers more to the material which must be able to provide the voltage potential to sustain the current).<br /> <br /> ===== Thermoelectrics =====<br /> an input of electrical current creates a temperature differential on opposite sides of the material. This temperature differential produces a heat engine, essentially a heat pump, allowing thermal energy to be transferred from one junction to the other.<br /> <br /> ===== Piezoelectrics =====<br /> elastic energy (strain) produces an electricity. Mostly, Inputs can be switched and an applied electric energy will produce a deformation (strain).<br /> <br /> ===== Electrostrictive=====<br /> Shape changes under the application of an electric field.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]][[Category:Classification]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4727 2020-03-27T13:55:01Z

<p>Johannes: /* Smart Material Classifications */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Alternative Material Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> In the design fields, a host of different loose categorizations are used, many of which are particular (and perhaps idiosyncratic) to individual fields.<br /> Many are quite qualitative and readily mix traditional approaches. ln many design fields the material is chosen long before performance criteria are defined and as such the process tends to be artifact-driven. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Example: &lt;br&gt;<br /> Material ConneXion&lt;br&gt;<br /> The materials are organized similarly to the broad composition categories that sit at the top of the material science classification system, but are without the inductive lower layers that serve to explain thematerial. <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> The eight broad categories:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | polymers || glass|| ceramics || carbon-based || cement-based || metals || natural materials || natural material derivatives<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> == Smart Material Classifications ==<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional engineering approach the material is understood as an array of physical behaviors, as a singular static thing, an artifact. Considering smart materials as fixed artifacts is unsatisfactory as this neglects their contingency on their environment (their properties respond to and vary with external stimuli).&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> '''multi-layered classification'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> one layer characterizing thematerial according to its physical behavior (what it does) &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> other layer characterizing the material according to ist phenomenological behavior (the results of the physicalbehavior).&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Also must address questions about how smart materials relate to the world of intelligent devices and environments.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Characteristics of smart materials and systems''' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | Immediacy|| respond in real time<br /> |-<br /> | Transiency|| respond to more than one environmental state<br /> |-<br /> | Self-actuation|| intelligence is internal to rather than external to the 'material'.<br /> |-<br /> | Selectivity|| response is discrete and predictable<br /> |-<br /> | Directness|| response is local to the 'activating' event<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Smart Material Properties'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | chemical|| mechanical|| electrical|| magnetic|| thermal<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''lnput energy'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | electrical|| chemical|| thermal|| mechanical || radiative <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> smart material changes are reversible: when the energy input is removed, the material reverts back to its original properties.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Typ 1 Smart Material ====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Undergo changes in one or more of their propertiesin direct response to a change in the external Stimuli associated with the environment surrounding the material. Changes are direct and reversible.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ===== Thermochromie =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (heat) to the material alters its molecular structure. The new molecular structure has a different spectral reflectivity than does the original structure; as a result, the material's 'color' - its reflected radiation in the visible range of the electro­magnetic spectrum - changes.<br /> ===== Magnetorheological =====<br /> the application of a magnetic field (or for electrorheological - an electrical field) causes a change in micro-structural orientation, resulting in a change in viscosity of the fluid. <br /> ===== Thermotropic =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (or radiation for a phototropic, electricity for electrotropic and so on) to the material alters its micro-structure through a phase change. In a different phase, most materials demonstrate different properties, including conductivity, transmissivity, volu­metric expansion, and solubility.<br /> ===== Shape Memory =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (which can also be produced through resistance to an electrical current) alters the microstructure through a crystalline phase change. This change enables multiple shapes in relationship to the environmental stimulus.<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Typ 2 Smart Material ====<br /> '''Transform energy from one form to an output energy in another form. Changes are direct and reversible.'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> ''The use of the term 'material' here can be slightly misleading.Many of the 'materials' in this class are actually made up of several more basic materials that are constituted in a way to provide a particular type of function. A thermoelectric, for example, actually consists of multiple layers of different Materials. The resulting assembly is perhaps better described as a simple device. The term 'material', however, has still come to be associated with these devices - largely because of the way they are conceptually thought about and used. Application-oriented thinking thus drives use of the term 'material' here.''<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ===== Photoluminescents =====<br /> an input of radiation energy from the ultraviolet spectrum (or electrical energy for an electro­luminescent, chemical reaction for a chemoluminescent) is converted to an output of radiation energy in the visible spectrum.<br /> <br /> ===== Photo­voltaics =====<br /> an input of radiation energy from the visible spectrum produces an electricalenergy (the term voltaic refers more to the material which must be able to provide the voltage potential to sustain the current).<br /> <br /> ===== Thermoelectrics =====<br /> an input of electrical current creates a temperature differential on opposite sides of the material. This temperature differential produces a heat engine, essentially a heat pump, allowing thermal energy to be transferred from one junction to the other.<br /> <br /> ===== Piezoelectrics =====<br /> elastic energy (strain) produces an electricity. Mostly, Inputs can be switched and an applied electric energy will produce a deformation (strain).<br /> <br /> ===== Electrostrictive=====<br /> Shape changes under the application of an electric field.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]][[Category:Classification]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4726 2020-03-27T13:52:29Z

<p>Johannes: /* Smart Material Classifications */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Alternative Material Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> In the design fields, a host of different loose categorizations are used, many of which are particular (and perhaps idiosyncratic) to individual fields.<br /> Many are quite qualitative and readily mix traditional approaches. ln many design fields the material is chosen long before performance criteria are defined and as such the process tends to be artifact-driven. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Example: &lt;br&gt;<br /> Material ConneXion&lt;br&gt;<br /> The materials are organized similarly to the broad composition categories that sit at the top of the material science classification system, but are without the inductive lower layers that serve to explain thematerial. <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> The eight broad categories:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | polymers || glass|| ceramics || carbon-based || cement-based || metals || natural materials || natural material derivatives<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> == Smart Material Classifications ==<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional engineering approach the material is understood as an array of physical behaviors, as a singular static thing, an artifact. Considering smart materials as fixed artifacts is unsatisfactory as this neglects their contingency on their environment (their properties respond to and vary with external stimuli).&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> '''multi-layered classification'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> one layer characterizing thematerial according to its physical behavior (what it does) &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> other layer characterizing the material according to ist phenomenological behavior (the results of the physicalbehavior).&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Also must address questions about how smart materials relate to the world of intelligent devices and environments.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Characteristics of smart materials and systems''' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | Immediacy|| respond in real time<br /> |-<br /> | Transiency|| respond to more than one environmental state<br /> |-<br /> | Self-actuation|| intelligence is internal to rather than external to the 'material'.<br /> |-<br /> | Selectivity|| response is discrete and predictable<br /> |-<br /> | Directness|| response is local to the 'activating' event<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Smart Material Properties'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | chemical|| mechanical|| electrical|| magnetic|| thermal<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''lnput energy'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | electrical|| chemical|| thermal|| mechanical || radiative <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> smart material changes are reversible: when the energy input is removed, the material reverts back to its original properties.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Typ 1 Smart Material ====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Undergo changes in one or more of their propertiesin direct response to a change in the external Stimuli associated with the environment surrounding the material. Changes are direct and reversible.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ===== Thermochromie =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (heat) to the material alters its molecular structure. The new molecular structure has a different spectral reflectivity than does the original structure; as a result, the material's 'color' - its reflected radiation in the visible range of the electro­magnetic spectrum - changes.<br /> ===== Magnetorheological =====<br /> the application of a magnetic field (or for electrorheological - an electrical field) causes a change in micro-structural orientation, resulting in a change in viscosity of the fluid. <br /> ===== Thermotropic =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (or radiation for a phototropic, electricity for electrotropic and so on) to the material alters its micro-structure through a phase change. In a different phase, most materials demonstrate different properties, including conductivity, transmissivity, volu­metric expansion, and solubility.<br /> ===== Shape Memory =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (which can also be produced through resistance to an electrical current) alters the microstructure through a crystalline phase change. This change enables multiple shapes in relationship to the environmental stimulus.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]][[Category:Classification]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4725 2020-03-27T13:52:14Z

<p>Johannes: /* Smart Material Classifications */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Alternative Material Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> In the design fields, a host of different loose categorizations are used, many of which are particular (and perhaps idiosyncratic) to individual fields.<br /> Many are quite qualitative and readily mix traditional approaches. ln many design fields the material is chosen long before performance criteria are defined and as such the process tends to be artifact-driven. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Example: &lt;br&gt;<br /> Material ConneXion&lt;br&gt;<br /> The materials are organized similarly to the broad composition categories that sit at the top of the material science classification system, but are without the inductive lower layers that serve to explain thematerial. <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> The eight broad categories:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | polymers || glass|| ceramics || carbon-based || cement-based || metals || natural materials || natural material derivatives<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> == Smart Material Classifications ==<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional engineering approach the material is understood as an array of physical behaviors, as a singular static thing, an artifact. Considering smart materials as fixed artifacts is unsatisfactory as this neglects their contingency on their environment (their properties respond to and vary with external stimuli).&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> '''multi-layered classification'''&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> one layer characterizing thematerial according to its physical behavior (what it does) &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> other layer characterizing the material according to ist phenomenological behavior (the results of the physicalbehavior).&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Also must address questions about how smart materials relate to the world of intelligent devices and environments.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Characteristics of smart materials and systems''' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | Immediacy|| respond in real time<br /> |-<br /> | Transiency|| respond to more than one environmental state<br /> |-<br /> | Self-actuation|| intelligence is internal to rather than external to the 'material'.<br /> |-<br /> | Selectivity|| response is discrete and predictable<br /> |-<br /> | Directness|| response is local to the 'activating' event<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Smart Material Properties'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | chemical|| mechanical|| electrical|| magnetic|| thermal<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''lnput energy'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | electrical|| chemical|| thermal|| mechanical || radiative <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> smart material changes are reversible: when the energy input is removed, the material reverts back to its original properties.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Typ 1 Smart Material ====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Undergo changes in one or more of their propertiesin direct response to a change in the external Stimuli associated with the environment surrounding the material. Changes are direct and reversible.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ===== Thermochromie =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (heat) to the material alters its molecular structure. The new molecular structure has a different spectral reflectivity than does the original structure; as a result, the material's 'color' - its reflected radiation in the visible range of the electro­magnetic spectrum - changes.<br /> ===== Magnetorheological =====<br /> the application of a magnetic field (or for electrorheological - an electrical field) causes a change in micro-structural orientation, resulting in a change in viscosity of the fluid. <br /> ===== Thermotropic =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (or radiation for a phototropic, electricity for electrotropic and so on) to the material alters its micro-structure through a phase change. In a different phase, most materials demonstrate different properties, including conductivity, transmissivity, volu­metric expansion, and solubility.<br /> ===== Shape Memory =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (which can also be produced through resistance to an electrical current) alters the microstructure through a crystalline phase change. This change enables multiple shapes in relationship to the environmental stimulus.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]][[Category:Classification]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4724 2020-03-27T13:51:53Z

<p>Johannes: /* Classifications for Smart Materials */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Alternative Material Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> In the design fields, a host of different loose categorizations are used, many of which are particular (and perhaps idiosyncratic) to individual fields.<br /> Many are quite qualitative and readily mix traditional approaches. ln many design fields the material is chosen long before performance criteria are defined and as such the process tends to be artifact-driven. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Example: &lt;br&gt;<br /> Material ConneXion&lt;br&gt;<br /> The materials are organized similarly to the broad composition categories that sit at the top of the material science classification system, but are without the inductive lower layers that serve to explain thematerial. <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> The eight broad categories:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | polymers || glass|| ceramics || carbon-based || cement-based || metals || natural materials || natural material derivatives<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> == Smart Material Classifications ==<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional engineering approach the material is understood as an array of physical behaviors, as a singular static thing, an artifact. Considering smart materials as fixed artifacts is unsatisfactory as this neglects their contingency on their environment (their properties respond to and vary with external stimuli).<br /> <br /> '''multi-layered classification'''&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> one layer characterizing thematerial according to its physical behavior (what it does) &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> other layer characterizing the material according to ist phenomenological behavior (the results of the physicalbehavior).&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Also must address questions about how smart materials relate to the world of intelligent devices and environments.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Characteristics of smart materials and systems''' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | Immediacy|| respond in real time<br /> |-<br /> | Transiency|| respond to more than one environmental state<br /> |-<br /> | Self-actuation|| intelligence is internal to rather than external to the 'material'.<br /> |-<br /> | Selectivity|| response is discrete and predictable<br /> |-<br /> | Directness|| response is local to the 'activating' event<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Smart Material Properties'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | chemical|| mechanical|| electrical|| magnetic|| thermal<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''lnput energy'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | electrical|| chemical|| thermal|| mechanical || radiative <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> smart material changes are reversible: when the energy input is removed, the material reverts back to its original properties.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Typ 1 Smart Material ====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Undergo changes in one or more of their propertiesin direct response to a change in the external Stimuli associated with the environment surrounding the material. Changes are direct and reversible.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ===== Thermochromie =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (heat) to the material alters its molecular structure. The new molecular structure has a different spectral reflectivity than does the original structure; as a result, the material's 'color' - its reflected radiation in the visible range of the electro­magnetic spectrum - changes.<br /> ===== Magnetorheological =====<br /> the application of a magnetic field (or for electrorheological - an electrical field) causes a change in micro-structural orientation, resulting in a change in viscosity of the fluid. <br /> ===== Thermotropic =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (or radiation for a phototropic, electricity for electrotropic and so on) to the material alters its micro-structure through a phase change. In a different phase, most materials demonstrate different properties, including conductivity, transmissivity, volu­metric expansion, and solubility.<br /> ===== Shape Memory =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (which can also be produced through resistance to an electrical current) alters the microstructure through a crystalline phase change. This change enables multiple shapes in relationship to the environmental stimulus.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]][[Category:Classification]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4723 2020-03-27T13:51:05Z

<p>Johannes: /* Alternative Material Classifications */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Alternative Material Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> In the design fields, a host of different loose categorizations are used, many of which are particular (and perhaps idiosyncratic) to individual fields.<br /> Many are quite qualitative and readily mix traditional approaches. ln many design fields the material is chosen long before performance criteria are defined and as such the process tends to be artifact-driven. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Example: &lt;br&gt;<br /> Material ConneXion&lt;br&gt;<br /> The materials are organized similarly to the broad composition categories that sit at the top of the material science classification system, but are without the inductive lower layers that serve to explain thematerial. <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> The eight broad categories:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | polymers || glass|| ceramics || carbon-based || cement-based || metals || natural materials || natural material derivatives<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Classifications for Smart Materials===<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional engineering approach the material is understood as an array of physical behaviors, as a singular static thing, an artifact. Considering smart materials as fixed artifacts is unsatisfactory as this neglects their contingency on their environment (their properties respond to and vary with external stimuli).<br /> <br /> '''multi-layered classification'''&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> one layer characterizing thematerial according to its physical behavior (what it does) &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> other layer characterizing the material according to ist phenomenological behavior (the results of the physicalbehavior).&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Also must address questions about how smart materials relate to the world of intelligent devices and environments.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Characteristics of smart materials and systems''' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | Immediacy|| respond in real time<br /> |-<br /> | Transiency|| respond to more than one environmental state<br /> |-<br /> | Self-actuation|| intelligence is internal to rather than external to the 'material'.<br /> |-<br /> | Selectivity|| response is discrete and predictable<br /> |-<br /> | Directness|| response is local to the 'activating' event<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Smart Material Properties'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | chemical|| mechanical|| electrical|| magnetic|| thermal<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''lnput energy'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | electrical|| chemical|| thermal|| mechanical || radiative <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> smart material changes are reversible: when the energy input is removed, the material reverts back to its original properties.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Typ 1 Smart Material ====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Undergo changes in one or more of their propertiesin direct response to a change in the external Stimuli associated with the environment surrounding the material. Changes are direct and reversible.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ===== Thermochromie =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (heat) to the material alters its molecular structure. The new molecular structure has a different spectral reflectivity than does the original structure; as a result, the material's 'color' - its reflected radiation in the visible range of the electro­magnetic spectrum - changes.<br /> ===== Magnetorheological =====<br /> the application of a magnetic field (or for electrorheological - an electrical field) causes a change in micro-structural orientation, resulting in a change in viscosity of the fluid. <br /> ===== Thermotropic =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (or radiation for a phototropic, electricity for electrotropic and so on) to the material alters its micro-structure through a phase change. In a different phase, most materials demonstrate different properties, including conductivity, transmissivity, volu­metric expansion, and solubility.<br /> ===== Shape Memory =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (which can also be produced through resistance to an electrical current) alters the microstructure through a crystalline phase change. This change enables multiple shapes in relationship to the environmental stimulus.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]][[Category:Classification]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4722 2020-03-27T13:50:36Z

<p>Johannes: /* Alternative Material Classifications */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Alternative Material Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> In the design fields, a host of different loose categorizations are used, many of which are particular (and perhaps idiosyncratic) to individual fields.<br /> Many are quite qualitative and readily mix traditional approaches. ln many design fields the material is chosen long before performance criteria are defined and as such the process tends to be artifact-driven. &lt;br&gt;<br /> Example: &lt;br&gt;<br /> Material ConneXion&lt;br&gt;<br /> The materials are organized similarly to the broad composition categories that sit at the top of the material science classification system, but are without the inductive lower layers that serve to explain thematerial. <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> The eight broad categories:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | polymers || glass|| ceramics || carbon-based || cement-based || metals || natural materials || natural material derivatives<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Classifications for Smart Materials===<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional engineering approach the material is understood as an array of physical behaviors, as a singular static thing, an artifact. Considering smart materials as fixed artifacts is unsatisfactory as this neglects their contingency on their environment (their properties respond to and vary with external stimuli).<br /> <br /> '''multi-layered classification'''&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> one layer characterizing thematerial according to its physical behavior (what it does) &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> other layer characterizing the material according to ist phenomenological behavior (the results of the physicalbehavior).&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Also must address questions about how smart materials relate to the world of intelligent devices and environments.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Characteristics of smart materials and systems''' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | Immediacy|| respond in real time<br /> |-<br /> | Transiency|| respond to more than one environmental state<br /> |-<br /> | Self-actuation|| intelligence is internal to rather than external to the 'material'.<br /> |-<br /> | Selectivity|| response is discrete and predictable<br /> |-<br /> | Directness|| response is local to the 'activating' event<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Smart Material Properties'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | chemical|| mechanical|| electrical|| magnetic|| thermal<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''lnput energy'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | electrical|| chemical|| thermal|| mechanical || radiative <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> smart material changes are reversible: when the energy input is removed, the material reverts back to its original properties.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Typ 1 Smart Material ====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Undergo changes in one or more of their propertiesin direct response to a change in the external Stimuli associated with the environment surrounding the material. Changes are direct and reversible.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ===== Thermochromie =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (heat) to the material alters its molecular structure. The new molecular structure has a different spectral reflectivity than does the original structure; as a result, the material's 'color' - its reflected radiation in the visible range of the electro­magnetic spectrum - changes.<br /> ===== Magnetorheological =====<br /> the application of a magnetic field (or for electrorheological - an electrical field) causes a change in micro-structural orientation, resulting in a change in viscosity of the fluid. <br /> ===== Thermotropic =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (or radiation for a phototropic, electricity for electrotropic and so on) to the material alters its micro-structure through a phase change. In a different phase, most materials demonstrate different properties, including conductivity, transmissivity, volu­metric expansion, and solubility.<br /> ===== Shape Memory =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (which can also be produced through resistance to an electrical current) alters the microstructure through a crystalline phase change. This change enables multiple shapes in relationship to the environmental stimulus.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]][[Category:Classification]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4721 2020-03-27T13:50:23Z

<p>Johannes: /* Alternative Material Classifications */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Alternative Material Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> In the design fields, a host of different loose categorizations are used, many of which are particular (and perhaps idiosyncratic) to individual fields.<br /> Many are quite qualitative and readily mix traditional approaches. ln many design fields the material is chosen long before performance criteria are defined and as such the process tends to be artifact-driven. &lt;br&gt;<br /> Example: &lt;br&gt;<br /> Material ConneXion&lt;br&gt;<br /> The materials are organized similarly to the broad composition categories that sit at the top of the material science classification system, but are without the inductive lower layers that serve to explain thematerial. <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> The eight broad categories:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | polymers || glass|| ceramics || carbon-based || cement-based || metals || natural materials || natural material derivatives<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Classifications for Smart Materials===<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional engineering approach the material is understood as an array of physical behaviors, as a singular static thing, an artifact. Considering smart materials as fixed artifacts is unsatisfactory as this neglects their contingency on their environment (their properties respond to and vary with external stimuli).<br /> <br /> '''multi-layered classification'''&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> one layer characterizing thematerial according to its physical behavior (what it does) &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> other layer characterizing the material according to ist phenomenological behavior (the results of the physicalbehavior).&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Also must address questions about how smart materials relate to the world of intelligent devices and environments.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Characteristics of smart materials and systems''' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | Immediacy|| respond in real time<br /> |-<br /> | Transiency|| respond to more than one environmental state<br /> |-<br /> | Self-actuation|| intelligence is internal to rather than external to the 'material'.<br /> |-<br /> | Selectivity|| response is discrete and predictable<br /> |-<br /> | Directness|| response is local to the 'activating' event<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Smart Material Properties'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | chemical|| mechanical|| electrical|| magnetic|| thermal<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''lnput energy'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | electrical|| chemical|| thermal|| mechanical || radiative <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> smart material changes are reversible: when the energy input is removed, the material reverts back to its original properties.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Typ 1 Smart Material ====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Undergo changes in one or more of their propertiesin direct response to a change in the external Stimuli associated with the environment surrounding the material. Changes are direct and reversible.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ===== Thermochromie =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (heat) to the material alters its molecular structure. The new molecular structure has a different spectral reflectivity than does the original structure; as a result, the material's 'color' - its reflected radiation in the visible range of the electro­magnetic spectrum - changes.<br /> ===== Magnetorheological =====<br /> the application of a magnetic field (or for electrorheological - an electrical field) causes a change in micro-structural orientation, resulting in a change in viscosity of the fluid. <br /> ===== Thermotropic =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (or radiation for a phototropic, electricity for electrotropic and so on) to the material alters its micro-structure through a phase change. In a different phase, most materials demonstrate different properties, including conductivity, transmissivity, volu­metric expansion, and solubility.<br /> ===== Shape Memory =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (which can also be produced through resistance to an electrical current) alters the microstructure through a crystalline phase change. This change enables multiple shapes in relationship to the environmental stimulus.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]][[Category:Classification]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4720 2020-03-27T13:49:08Z

<p>Johannes: /* Typ 1 Smart Material */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Alternative Material Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> In the design fields, a host of different loose categorizations are used, many of which are particular (and perhaps idiosyncratic) to individual fields.<br /> Many are quite qualitative and readily mix traditional approaches. ln many design fields the material is chosen long before performance criteria are defined and as such the process tends to be artifact-driven. &lt;br&gt;<br /> Example: &lt;br&gt;<br /> Material ConneXion&lt;br&gt;<br /> The materials are organized similarly to the broad composition categories that sit at the top of the material science classification system, but are without the inductive lower layers that serve to explain thematerial. <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> The eight broad categories:<br /> • polymers<br /> • Glass<br /> • ceramics <br /> • carbon-based<br /> • cement-based<br /> • Metals<br /> • natural materials <br /> • natural material derivatives<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Classifications for Smart Materials===<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional engineering approach the material is understood as an array of physical behaviors, as a singular static thing, an artifact. Considering smart materials as fixed artifacts is unsatisfactory as this neglects their contingency on their environment (their properties respond to and vary with external stimuli).<br /> <br /> '''multi-layered classification'''&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> one layer characterizing thematerial according to its physical behavior (what it does) &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> other layer characterizing the material according to ist phenomenological behavior (the results of the physicalbehavior).&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Also must address questions about how smart materials relate to the world of intelligent devices and environments.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Characteristics of smart materials and systems''' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | Immediacy|| respond in real time<br /> |-<br /> | Transiency|| respond to more than one environmental state<br /> |-<br /> | Self-actuation|| intelligence is internal to rather than external to the 'material'.<br /> |-<br /> | Selectivity|| response is discrete and predictable<br /> |-<br /> | Directness|| response is local to the 'activating' event<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Smart Material Properties'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | chemical|| mechanical|| electrical|| magnetic|| thermal<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''lnput energy'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | electrical|| chemical|| thermal|| mechanical || radiative <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> smart material changes are reversible: when the energy input is removed, the material reverts back to its original properties.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Typ 1 Smart Material ====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Undergo changes in one or more of their propertiesin direct response to a change in the external Stimuli associated with the environment surrounding the material. Changes are direct and reversible.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ===== Thermochromie =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (heat) to the material alters its molecular structure. The new molecular structure has a different spectral reflectivity than does the original structure; as a result, the material's 'color' - its reflected radiation in the visible range of the electro­magnetic spectrum - changes.<br /> ===== Magnetorheological =====<br /> the application of a magnetic field (or for electrorheological - an electrical field) causes a change in micro-structural orientation, resulting in a change in viscosity of the fluid. <br /> ===== Thermotropic =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (or radiation for a phototropic, electricity for electrotropic and so on) to the material alters its micro-structure through a phase change. In a different phase, most materials demonstrate different properties, including conductivity, transmissivity, volu­metric expansion, and solubility.<br /> ===== Shape Memory =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (which can also be produced through resistance to an electrical current) alters the microstructure through a crystalline phase change. This change enables multiple shapes in relationship to the environmental stimulus.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]][[Category:Classification]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4719 2020-03-27T13:43:52Z

<p>Johannes: /* Classifications for Smart Materials */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Alternative Material Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> In the design fields, a host of different loose categorizations are used, many of which are particular (and perhaps idiosyncratic) to individual fields.<br /> Many are quite qualitative and readily mix traditional approaches. ln many design fields the material is chosen long before performance criteria are defined and as such the process tends to be artifact-driven. &lt;br&gt;<br /> Example: &lt;br&gt;<br /> Material ConneXion&lt;br&gt;<br /> The materials are organized similarly to the broad composition categories that sit at the top of the material science classification system, but are without the inductive lower layers that serve to explain thematerial. <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> The eight broad categories:<br /> • polymers<br /> • Glass<br /> • ceramics <br /> • carbon-based<br /> • cement-based<br /> • Metals<br /> • natural materials <br /> • natural material derivatives<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Classifications for Smart Materials===<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional engineering approach the material is understood as an array of physical behaviors, as a singular static thing, an artifact. Considering smart materials as fixed artifacts is unsatisfactory as this neglects their contingency on their environment (their properties respond to and vary with external stimuli).<br /> <br /> '''multi-layered classification'''&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> one layer characterizing thematerial according to its physical behavior (what it does) &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> other layer characterizing the material according to ist phenomenological behavior (the results of the physicalbehavior).&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Also must address questions about how smart materials relate to the world of intelligent devices and environments.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Characteristics of smart materials and systems''' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | Immediacy|| respond in real time<br /> |-<br /> | Transiency|| respond to more than one environmental state<br /> |-<br /> | Self-actuation|| intelligence is internal to rather than external to the 'material'.<br /> |-<br /> | Selectivity|| response is discrete and predictable<br /> |-<br /> | Directness|| response is local to the 'activating' event<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Smart Material Properties'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | chemical|| mechanical|| electrical|| magnetic|| thermal<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''lnput energy'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | electrical|| chemical|| thermal|| mechanical || radiative <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> smart material changes are reversible: when the energy input is removed, the material reverts back to its original properties.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Typ 1 Smart Material ====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Undergo changes in one or more of their propertiesin direct response to a change in the external Stimuli associated with the environment surrounding the material. Changes are direct and reversible. &lt;br&gt;<br /> ===== Thermochromie =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (heat) to the material alters its molecular structure. The new molecular structure has a different spectral reflectivity than does the original structure; as a result, the material's 'color' - its reflected radiation in the visible range of the electro­magnetic spectrum - changes.<br /> ===== Magnetorheological =====<br /> the application of a magnetic field (or for electrorheological - an electrical field) causes a change in micro-structural orientation, resulting in a change in viscosity of the fluid. <br /> ===== Thermotropic =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (or radiation for a phototropic, electricity for electrotropic and so on) to the material alters its micro-structure through a phase change. In a different phase, most materials demonstrate different properties, including conductivity, transmissivity, volu­metric expansion, and solubility.<br /> ===== Shape Memory =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (which can also be produced through resistance to an electrical current) alters the microstructure through a crystalline phase change. This change enables multiple shapes in relationship to the environmental stimulus.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]][[Category:Classification]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4718 2020-03-27T13:43:33Z

<p>Johannes: /* Classifications for Smart Materials */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Alternative Material Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> In the design fields, a host of different loose categorizations are used, many of which are particular (and perhaps idiosyncratic) to individual fields.<br /> Many are quite qualitative and readily mix traditional approaches. ln many design fields the material is chosen long before performance criteria are defined and as such the process tends to be artifact-driven. &lt;br&gt;<br /> Example: &lt;br&gt;<br /> Material ConneXion&lt;br&gt;<br /> The materials are organized similarly to the broad composition categories that sit at the top of the material science classification system, but are without the inductive lower layers that serve to explain thematerial. <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> The eight broad categories:<br /> • polymers<br /> • Glass<br /> • ceramics <br /> • carbon-based<br /> • cement-based<br /> • Metals<br /> • natural materials <br /> • natural material derivatives<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Classifications for Smart Materials===<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional engineering approach the material is understood as an array of physical behaviors, as a singular static thing, an artifact. Considering smart materials as fixed artifacts is unsatisfactory as this neglects their contingency on their environment (their properties respond to and vary with external stimuli).<br /> <br /> '''multi-layered classification'''&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> one layer characterizing thematerial according to its physical behavior (what it does) &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> other layer characterizing the material according to ist phenomenological behavior (the results of the physicalbehavior).&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Also must address questions about how smart materials relate to the world of intelligent devices and environments.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Characteristics of smart materials and systems''' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | Immediacy|| respond in real time<br /> |-<br /> | Transiency|| respond to more than one environmental state<br /> |-<br /> | Self-actuation|| intelligence is internal to rather than external to the 'material'.<br /> |-<br /> | Selectivity|| response is discrete and predictable<br /> |-<br /> | Directness|| response is local to the 'activating' event<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Smart Material Properties'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | chemical|| mechanical|| electrical|| magnetic|| thermal<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''lnput energy'''<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | electrical|| chemical|| thermal|| mechanical || radiative <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> smart material changes are reversible: when the energy input is removed, the material reverts backto its original properties.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Typ 1 Smart Material ====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Undergo changes in one or more of their propertiesin direct response to a change in the external Stimuli associated with the environment surrounding the material. Changes are direct and reversible. &lt;br&gt;<br /> ===== Thermochromie =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (heat) to the material alters its molecular structure. The new molecular structure has a different spectral reflectivity than does the original structure; as a result, the material's 'color' - its reflected radiation in the visible range of the electro­magnetic spectrum - changes.<br /> ===== Magnetorheological =====<br /> the application of a magnetic field (or for electrorheological - an electrical field) causes a change in micro-structural orientation, resulting in a change in viscosity of the fluid. <br /> ===== Thermotropic =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (or radiation for a phototropic, electricity for electrotropic and so on) to the material alters its micro-structure through a phase change. In a different phase, most materials demonstrate different properties, including conductivity, transmissivity, volu­metric expansion, and solubility.<br /> ===== Shape Memory =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (which can also be produced through resistance to an electrical current) alters the microstructure through a crystalline phase change. This change enables multiple shapes in relationship to the environmental stimulus.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]][[Category:Classification]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4717 2020-03-27T13:41:42Z

<p>Johannes: </p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Alternative Material Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> In the design fields, a host of different loose categorizations are used, many of which are particular (and perhaps idiosyncratic) to individual fields.<br /> Many are quite qualitative and readily mix traditional approaches. ln many design fields the material is chosen long before performance criteria are defined and as such the process tends to be artifact-driven. &lt;br&gt;<br /> Example: &lt;br&gt;<br /> Material ConneXion&lt;br&gt;<br /> The materials are organized similarly to the broad composition categories that sit at the top of the material science classification system, but are without the inductive lower layers that serve to explain thematerial. <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> The eight broad categories:<br /> • polymers<br /> • Glass<br /> • ceramics <br /> • carbon-based<br /> • cement-based<br /> • Metals<br /> • natural materials <br /> • natural material derivatives<br /> <br /> <br /> ===Classifications for Smart Materials===<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Traditional engineering approach the material is understood as an array of physical behaviors, as a singular static thing, an artifact. Considering smart materials as fixed artifacts is unsatisfactory as this neglects their contingency on their environment (their properties respond to and vary with external stimuli).<br /> <br /> '''multi-layered classification'''&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> one layer characterizing thematerial according to its physical behavior (what it does) &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> other layer characterizing the material according to ist phenomenological behavior (the results of the physicalbehavior).&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Also must address questions about how smart materials relate to the world of intelligent devices and environments.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Characteristics of smart materials and systems''' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | Immediacy|| respond in real time<br /> |-<br /> | Transiency|| respond to more than one environmental state<br /> |-<br /> | Self-actuation|| intelligence is internal to rather than external to the 'material'.<br /> |-<br /> | Selectivity|| response is discrete and predictable<br /> |-<br /> | Directness|| response is local to the 'activating' event<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Smart Material Properties'''<br /> <br /> • chemical<br /> • mechanical<br /> • Electrical<br /> • Magnetic<br /> • Thermal<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''lnput energy'''<br /> <br /> • Electrical<br /> • Chemical<br /> • Thermal<br /> • Mechanical<br /> • Radiative <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> smart material changes are reversible: when the energy input is removed, the material reverts backto its original properties.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==== Typ 1 Smart Material ====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Undergo changes in one or more of their propertiesin direct response to a change in the external Stimuli associated with the environment surrounding the material. Changes are direct and reversible. &lt;br&gt;<br /> ===== Thermochromie =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (heat) to the material alters its molecular structure. The new molecular structure has a different spectral reflectivity than does the original structure; as a result, the material's 'color' - its reflected radiation in the visible range of the electro­magnetic spectrum - changes.<br /> ===== Magnetorheological =====<br /> the application of a magnetic field (or for electrorheological - an electrical field) causes a change in micro-structural orientation, resulting in a change in viscosity of the fluid. <br /> ===== Thermotropic =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (or radiation for a phototropic, electricity for electrotropic and so on) to the material alters its micro-structure through a phase change. In a different phase, most materials demonstrate different properties, including conductivity, transmissivity, volu­metric expansion, and solubility.<br /> ===== Shape Memory =====<br /> an input of thermal energy (which can also be produced through resistance to an electrical current) alters the microstructure through a crystalline phase change. This change enables multiple shapes in relationship to the environmental stimulus.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]][[Category:Classification]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4716 2020-03-27T13:29:22Z

<p>Johannes: </p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]][[Category:Classification]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4715 2020-03-27T13:28:51Z

<p>Johannes: /* Material Science Classifications */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4714 2020-03-27T13:28:42Z

<p>Johannes: /* Material Science Classifications */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4713 2020-03-27T13:28:30Z

<p>Johannes: /* Engineering Classifications */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4712 2020-03-27T13:28:12Z

<p>Johannes: /* Architectural Classifications */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4711 2020-03-27T13:27:55Z

<p>Johannes: /* Architectural Classifications */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4710 2020-03-27T13:27:46Z

<p>Johannes: /* Engineering Classifications */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4709 2020-03-27T13:27:08Z

<p>Johannes: </p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional Material Classifications==<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> ====Material Science Classifications====<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Engineering Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Architectural Classifications====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Architectural building codes and standards, for example, often supersede performance criterla in an attempt to simplifythe selection process and remove liability for performance failures. For many uses codes and standards often explicitly or implicitly identify acceptable materials, leaving the architect only to select between brands. As a result, architectural classifications tend to be more nominative - simply listing materials and uses in accordance with standard building requirements.''' &lt;br&gt;<br /> ''what a material is and where it is used'' &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Practical templates for communication between architects,contractors, fabricators and suppliers. After the preliminary design of a building is completed and approved, architects prepare construction documents that serve as the 'instructions' for the construction of the building. A textual documentdefines each building element on the design drawings and specifies the material or component. This document, rather than providing guidelines, instead serves as a binding contract that construction professionals and contractors must follow.<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Examples from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Divisions The CSI Master Format]<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | Division 03 || Concrete<br /> |-<br /> | Division 04 || Mansory<br /> |-<br /> | Division 05 || Metals<br /> |-<br /> | Division 06 || Wood, Plastics, and Composites<br /> |-<br /> | Division 07|| Thermal and Moisture Protection<br /> |-<br /> | Division 08 || Openings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 09 || Finishes<br /> |-<br /> | Division 12 || Furnishings<br /> |-<br /> | Division 20 || Mechanical Support<br /> |-<br /> | Division 21 || Fire Suppression<br /> |-<br /> | Division 23 || Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning<br /> |-<br /> | Division 26 || Electrical<br /> |-<br /> | Division 31 || Earthwork<br /> |-<br /> | Division 40 || Process Interconnections<br /> |-<br /> | Division 41 || Material Processing and Handling Equipment<br /> |-<br /> | Division 44 || Pollution Control Equipment<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4708 2020-03-27T13:17:50Z

<p>Johannes: /* Material Science Classifications */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Traditional Material Classifications===<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Material Science Classifications =====<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''&lt;br&gt;<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Engineering Classifications=====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4707 2020-03-27T13:17:36Z

<p>Johannes: /* Engineering Classifications */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Traditional Material Classifications===<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Material Science Classifications =====<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Engineering Classifications=====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).''' &lt;br&gt;<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Material--first_taxonomies&diff=4706 2020-03-27T13:17:11Z

<p>Johannes: </p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Materiathek_-_Research|Research]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''On the arrangement/array and structuring of material and materiality in an artistic context'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Creating a system where to find material, organizing and listing differences of material without choosing a setting of single &quot;classifications&quot;'''<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> comment 1: <br /> not to be understood as complete lists, more of a practical approach from different angles.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 2:<br /> these classifications are not exclusive to each other and can be linked or crosslinked.&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 3:<br /> classifications as groups of materials, contextualized rather than singled out or hierarchized &lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 4:<br /> classifications as titles and orientations, to be continued...&lt;br&gt;<br /> comment 5: groupings as a meshwork of nodes of contact &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Different approaches to classifications=====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | practical || artistic || production related / industrial || functional || semantic || sensual || contextualized || processual || ontological || contextualized || historical || spiritual || embodied || aesthetic || experimental || ...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material families=====<br /> classified according to raw material and resources, production related / industrial<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | paper || wood || metal || synthetics || rubber || stone/minerals || composites || organic || smart || glass || polymers || ceramics || gas || foam ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material features=====<br /> classified according to properties and functionalities<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | reacting || conductive || reusable / recyclable || moldable / shapeable || adhesive / resolvent || resilient<br /> |-<br /> |digital || immaterial || programmeable || oriented on other sensory reception || phenomenological ||...<br /> |}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Material contextualisation=====<br /> classified based on a multidisciplinary approach, distinctions made by highlighting single disciplines (exMedia)&lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | informatics || sound || design || architecture || 3D / animation / VR / AR || film/ games || theory || bio-art || human-animal studies|| ...<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> =====Fictional taxonomy, example one: Borges=====<br /> Jorge Luis Borges &quot;Emporio celestial de conocimientos benévolos&quot;, &lt;br&gt;<br /> approx. 1942, a fictitious taxonomy of animals, a &quot;celestial emporium of benevolent knowledge&quot;:&lt;br&gt;<br /> (a) belonging to the Emperor&lt;br&gt;<br /> (b) embalmed&lt;br&gt;<br /> (c) trained&lt;br&gt;<br /> (d) piglets&lt;br&gt;<br /> (e) sirens&lt;br&gt;<br /> (f) fabulous&lt;br&gt;<br /> (g) stray dogs&lt;br&gt;<br /> (h) included in this classification&lt;br&gt;<br /> (i) trembling like crazy&lt;br&gt;<br /> (j) innumerables&lt;br&gt;<br /> (k) drawn with a very fine camelhair brush&lt;br&gt;<br /> (l) et cetera&lt;br&gt;<br /> (m) just broke the vase&lt;br&gt;<br /> (n) from a distance look like flies&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> see also https://www.crockford.com/wilkins.html<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Traditional Material Classifications===<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Material Science Classifications =====<br /> '''Core understanding of the basic internal structure of materials. Hierachical'''<br /> ''why one material is differentiated from another'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | 1. Level || bonding forces between individual atoms<br /> |-<br /> | 2. Level || the way these bonding forces produce different types of aggregation patterns between atoms to form various molecular and crystalline solid structures <br /> |-<br /> | 3. Level || These larger aggre­gation patterns can further be differentiated by how their molecular structures branch or link or, in crystalline solids, by different types of unit cell and related spatial lattice structures such as face-centered or body-centere. <br /> |-<br /> | 4. Level || broadly descriptive categories such as ceramics, metals or polymers <br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> =====Engineering Classifications=====<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> '''Essentially descriptive but focuses on the performance char­acteristics of materials. Distinguish between the funda­mental problem-solving characteristics. Mapping (mix and match properties and attributes).'''<br /> ''how a material performs'' &lt;br&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> | STATE || solid, liquid, gas <br /> |-<br /> | STRUCTURE || amorphous, crystalline<br /> |-<br /> | ORIGIN || Natural, synthelic <br /> |-<br /> | COMPOSITION || organic, inorganic, alloy<br /> |-<br /> | PROCESSING || cast, hardened, rolled<br /> |-<br /> | PROPERTY || emissivity, conductivity <br /> |-<br /> | ENVIRONMENT || corrosive, underwater <br /> |-<br /> | APPLICATION || adhesive, painl, fuel <br /> |}<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> [[Category:Material]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Contacts/Excursions&diff=4698 2020-03-10T15:36:37Z

<p>Johannes: /* Exkursionen */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Exkursionen==<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> *[[Materialarchiv]] Zürich/Winterthur<br /> *[[Material Driven]] London -&gt; https://www.materialdriven.com/<br /> *[[Architekturbibliothek]] Münster<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:References]]<br /> [[Category:Material]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Contacts/Excursions&diff=4697 2020-03-10T15:36:09Z

<p>Johannes: </p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Exkursionen==<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> *[[Materialarchiv]] Zürich/Winterthur<br /> *[[Material Driven]] London -&gt; https://www.materialdriven.com/<br /> *[[Architekturbibliothek]] Münster<br /> <br /> <br /> [[Category:References]]<br /> [[Category:Material]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Contacts/Excursions&diff=4696 2020-03-07T15:39:03Z

<p>Johannes: /* Exkursionen */</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ==Exkursionen==<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> *[[Materialarchiv]] Zürich/Winterthur<br /> *[[Material Driven]] London -&gt; https://www.materialdriven.com/<br /> *[[Architekturbibliothek]] Münster<br /> <br /> ==Kontakte==<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> ETH Zürich&lt;br&gt;<br /> Markus Joachim&lt;br&gt;<br /> Dipl.-Ing. Arch.&lt;br&gt;<br /> ETH Library, Department of Information and Learning Environments&lt;br&gt;<br /> [http://library.ethz.com library.ethz.com]&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Adele Orcajada&lt;br&gt;<br /> MaterialDriven&lt;br&gt;<br /> [http://materialdriven.com materialdriven.com]&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> Markus Rigert&lt;br&gt;<br /> Co-Director&lt;br&gt;<br /> Gewerbemuseum Winterthur&lt;br&gt;<br /> [http://gewerbemuseum.ch gewerbemuseum.ch]&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:References]]<br /> [[Category:Material]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Workshop_Meshwork&diff=4693 2020-03-07T14:29:59Z

<p>Johannes: </p> <hr /> <div>__NOTOC__<br /> back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> [[Datei:Workshop_meshwork_1.jpg|links]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> === [[Workshop Meshwork Nachbereitung|Nachbereitung]] ===<br /> Mitschrift: https://pad.freifunk.net/p/materiathek_notes &lt;br&gt;<br /> Flyer: https://exmediawiki.khm.de/exmediawiki/images/0/0e/Meshwork_flyer_2.pdf<br /> <br /> ===Themen===<br /> siehe: https://pad.freifunk.net/p/materiathek_startsequenz &lt;br&gt;<br /> siehe: [[Themen/Sätze_Sammlung_für_dialogische_Einleitung#aspects_.2F_terms]]<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> ====[[Workshop Meshwork Einladungstext &amp; Schedule]]====</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Workshop_Meshwork&diff=4692 2020-03-07T14:29:41Z

<p>Johannes: /* Nachbereitung */</p> <hr /> <div>__NOTOC__<br /> back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> [[Datei:Workshop_meshwork_1.jpg|links]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> === [[Workshop Meshwork Nachbereitung|Nachbereitung]] ===<br /> Mitschrift: https://pad.freifunk.net/p/materiathek_notes &lt;br&gt;<br /> Flyer: https://exmediawiki.khm.de/exmediawiki/images/0/0e/Meshwork_flyer_2.pdf<br /> <br /> ===Themen===<br /> siehe: https://pad.freifunk.net/p/materiathek_startsequenz &lt;br&gt;<br /> siehe: [[Themen/Sätze_Sammlung_für_dialogische_Einleitung#aspects_.2F_terms]]<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> ====[[Workshop Meshwork Einladungstext &amp; Schedule]]====</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Workshop_Meshwork&diff=4691 2020-03-07T14:27:20Z

<p>Johannes: </p> <hr /> <div>__NOTOC__<br /> back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> [[Datei:Workshop_meshwork_1.jpg|links]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> === [[Workshop Meshwork Nachbereitung|Nachbereitung]] ===<br /> Mitschrift: https://pad.freifunk.net/p/materiathek_notes &lt;br&gt;<br /> Flyer: https://exmediawiki.khm.de/exmediawiki/images/0/0e/Meshwork_flyer_2.pdf<br /> &lt;br<br /> ===Themen===<br /> siehe: https://pad.freifunk.net/p/materiathek_startsequenz &lt;br&gt;<br /> siehe: [[Themen/Sätze_Sammlung_für_dialogische_Einleitung#aspects_.2F_terms]]<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> ====[[Workshop Meshwork Einladungstext &amp; Schedule]]====</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Workshop_Meshwork&diff=4690 2020-03-07T14:26:16Z

<p>Johannes: </p> <hr /> <div>__NOTOC__<br /> back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Mitschrift: https://pad.freifunk.net/p/materiathek_notes &lt;br&gt;<br /> Flyer: https://exmediawiki.khm.de/exmediawiki/images/0/0e/Meshwork_flyer_2.pdf<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> [[Datei:Workshop_meshwork_1.jpg|links]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> === [[Workshop Meshwork Nachbereitung|Nachbereitung]] ===<br /> ===Themen===<br /> siehe: https://pad.freifunk.net/p/materiathek_startsequenz &lt;br&gt;<br /> siehe: [[Themen/Sätze_Sammlung_für_dialogische_Einleitung#aspects_.2F_terms]]<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> ====[[Workshop Meshwork Einladungstext &amp; Schedule]]====</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Workshop_Meshwork&diff=4689 2020-03-07T14:26:02Z

<p>Johannes: </p> <hr /> <div>__NOTOC__<br /> back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Mitschrift: https://pad.freifunk.net/p/materiathek_notes &lt;br&gt;<br /> Flyer: https://exmediawiki.khm.de/exmediawiki/images/0/0e/Meshwork_flyer_2.pdf<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> [[Datei:Workshop_meshwork_1.jpg|800px|links]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> === [[Workshop Meshwork Nachbereitung|Nachbereitung]] ===<br /> ===Themen===<br /> siehe: https://pad.freifunk.net/p/materiathek_startsequenz &lt;br&gt;<br /> siehe: [[Themen/Sätze_Sammlung_für_dialogische_Einleitung#aspects_.2F_terms]]<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> ====[[Workshop Meshwork Einladungstext &amp; Schedule]]====</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Datei:Workshop_meshwork_1.jpg&diff=4688 2020-03-07T14:21:50Z

<p>Johannes: </p> <hr /> <div></div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Workshop_Meshwork&diff=4687 2020-03-07T14:14:34Z

<p>Johannes: </p> <hr /> <div>__NOTOC__<br /> back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Mitschrift: https://pad.freifunk.net/p/materiathek_notes &lt;br&gt;<br /> Flyer: https://exmediawiki.khm.de/exmediawiki/images/0/0e/Meshwork_flyer_2.pdf<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> === [[Workshop Meshwork Nachbereitung|Nachbereitung]] ===<br /> ===Themen===<br /> siehe: https://pad.freifunk.net/p/materiathek_startsequenz &lt;br&gt;<br /> siehe: [[Themen/Sätze_Sammlung_für_dialogische_Einleitung#aspects_.2F_terms]]<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> ====[[Workshop Meshwork Einladungstext &amp; Schedule]]====</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Workshop_Meshwork_To_Do&diff=4686 2020-03-07T14:14:05Z

<p>Johannes: Die Seite wurde geleert.</p> <hr /> <div></div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Workshop_Meshwork&diff=4685 2020-03-07T14:11:56Z

<p>Johannes: /* Workshop Meshwork Einladungstext */</p> <hr /> <div>__NOTOC__<br /> back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Mitschrift: https://pad.freifunk.net/p/materiathek_notes &lt;br&gt;<br /> Flyer: https://exmediawiki.khm.de/exmediawiki/images/0/0e/Meshwork_flyer_2.pdf<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ===[[Workshop Meshwork To Do|To-Do-Liste]]===<br /> === [[Workshop Meshwork Nachbereitung|Nachbereitung]] ===<br /> ===Themen===<br /> siehe: https://pad.freifunk.net/p/materiathek_startsequenz &lt;br&gt;<br /> siehe: [[Themen/Sätze_Sammlung_für_dialogische_Einleitung#aspects_.2F_terms]]<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> ====[[Workshop Meshwork Einladungstext &amp; Schedule]]====</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Workshop_Meshwork_Einladungstext&diff=4684 2020-03-07T14:11:36Z

<p>Johannes: Johannes verschob die Seite Workshop Meshwork Einladungstext nach Workshop Meshwork Einladungstext &amp; Schedule</p> <hr /> <div>#WEITERLEITUNG [[Workshop Meshwork Einladungstext &amp; Schedule]]</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Workshop_Meshwork_Einladungstext_%26_Schedule&diff=4683 2020-03-07T14:11:36Z

<p>Johannes: Johannes verschob die Seite Workshop Meshwork Einladungstext nach Workshop Meshwork Einladungstext &amp; Schedule</p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Workshop Meshwork|Workshop]]<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''Meshwork: Materials as processes, material processes, materials in process within artistic practices'''&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Workshop, 17th January 2020 &lt;br&gt;<br /> 9:30–12:30 Session: Alliances. &lt;br&gt;<br /> 13.30–16.30 Session: Interfaces&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> On the concept of meshwork, the research project MATERIATHEK – MATERIAL ARCHIVE initiates a transdisciplinary workshop to investigate material processes and their artistic applications. During the work session, we aim to articulate different material practices, to focus on Tim Ingold's concept of meshwork through case studies, and to recognize modes of action for material transformation. The anthropological term meshwork is understood as the dense tangle produced by involved beings in their becoming. In this process, they create weavings of entangled lines that grow, move, and interrelate. For our meeting, we will pay attention to these different roles and modes of alliances and junctions within artistic processes. <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> To guide the conversation, we propose the following questions: How do our different perspectives on the subject help us to expand the idea of the meshwork? How could the focus on knots and crossings of a meshwork help creating a different perception of artistic practices? Which tools are sufficiently flexible to establish a context, connections, and offer possibilities to expand the topic? <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> By introducing our perspectives in short dialogical presentations on materiality and their processes in the morning, we intend to discuss alliances of the meshwork in the arts and our modes of collaboration. In the afternoon, we will explore different ways to display material processes and how interfaces could help to exemplify these in an analogue-digital-networked environment. <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> MATERIATHEK – MATERIAL ARCHIVE is a research project by Prof. Dr. Lilian Haberer, Prof. Anke Eckardt, Karin Lingnau, Johannes Hoffmann, Agustina Andreoletti at the Academy of Media Arts Cologne (KHM, 2019).<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> === Schedule ===<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> 9:30-10:00 - Introduction<br /> <br /> morning<br /> greeting (Karin), short: about the project (Lilian)<br /> introduction round (all)<br /> aspects/terms (everyone alternating)<br /> <br /> <br /> 10:00-12:30 - dialogues/alliances<br /> moderation/timing (Agustina)<br /> <br /> Adele Orcajada (MaterialDriven, London);<br /> Markus Joachim (ETH, Zürich)<br /> Anke Eckardt/Hans Bernhard (information and collecting; storage medium, agency);<br /> Lilian Haberer/Alex Grein (archives/artistic archives);<br /> Jacqueline Hen/Karin Lingnau/Johannes Hoffmann (process of translation/topic of material fiction);<br /> <br /> group discussion: following every second dialogue (also 15 min plus 5 min change of equipment)<br /> <br /> 12:30-13:30 - Break<br /> <br /> 13:30-14:45 - Microlectures<br /> 5 min explanation what is a microlecture? (Agustina)<br /> Exploring different ways to display material processes and how interfaces could help to exemplify these in an analogue-digital-networked environment.<br /> <br /> 5 min to find the team<br /> groups of two<br /> 10 min preparation<br /> 5 min each person to talk to the other, 30 to 45 min alltogether<br /> how to present it to the others? each group 3 min, 30 min alltogether<br /> <br /> <br /> 16:00-16:30 - Discussion and Resumé<br /> (Moderation Karin)</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Workshop_Meshwork&diff=4682 2020-03-07T14:11:14Z

<p>Johannes: </p> <hr /> <div>__NOTOC__<br /> back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Mitschrift: https://pad.freifunk.net/p/materiathek_notes &lt;br&gt;<br /> Flyer: https://exmediawiki.khm.de/exmediawiki/images/0/0e/Meshwork_flyer_2.pdf<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ===[[Workshop Meshwork To Do|To-Do-Liste]]===<br /> === [[Workshop Meshwork Nachbereitung|Nachbereitung]] ===<br /> ===Themen===<br /> siehe: https://pad.freifunk.net/p/materiathek_startsequenz &lt;br&gt;<br /> siehe: [[Themen/Sätze_Sammlung_für_dialogische_Einleitung#aspects_.2F_terms]]<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> ====[[Workshop Meshwork Einladungstext]]====</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Workshop_Meshwork_Teilnehmer*innen&diff=4681 2020-03-07T14:10:22Z

<p>Johannes: Die Seite wurde geleert.</p> <hr /> <div></div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Workshop_Meshwork&diff=4680 2020-03-07T14:09:14Z

<p>Johannes: </p> <hr /> <div>__NOTOC__<br /> back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Mitschrift: https://pad.freifunk.net/p/materiathek_notes &lt;br&gt;<br /> Flyer: https://exmediawiki.khm.de/exmediawiki/images/0/0e/Meshwork_flyer_2.pdf<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ===[[Workshop Meshwork To Do|To-Do-Liste]]===<br /> === [[Workshop Meshwork Nachbereitung|Nachbereitung]] ===<br /> ===Themen===<br /> siehe: https://pad.freifunk.net/p/materiathek_startsequenz &lt;br&gt;<br /> siehe: [[Themen/Sätze_Sammlung_für_dialogische_Einleitung#aspects_.2F_terms]]<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> ====[[Workshop Meshwork Einladungstext]]====<br /> <br /> ==== [[Workshop Meshwork Teilnehmer*innen|Teilnehmer*innen]] ====</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Workshop_Meshwork_Einladungstext_%26_Schedule&diff=4679 2020-03-07T14:07:43Z

<p>Johannes: </p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Workshop Meshwork|Workshop]]<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''Meshwork: Materials as processes, material processes, materials in process within artistic practices'''&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Workshop, 17th January 2020 &lt;br&gt;<br /> 9:30–12:30 Session: Alliances. &lt;br&gt;<br /> 13.30–16.30 Session: Interfaces&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> On the concept of meshwork, the research project MATERIATHEK – MATERIAL ARCHIVE initiates a transdisciplinary workshop to investigate material processes and their artistic applications. During the work session, we aim to articulate different material practices, to focus on Tim Ingold's concept of meshwork through case studies, and to recognize modes of action for material transformation. The anthropological term meshwork is understood as the dense tangle produced by involved beings in their becoming. In this process, they create weavings of entangled lines that grow, move, and interrelate. For our meeting, we will pay attention to these different roles and modes of alliances and junctions within artistic processes. <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> To guide the conversation, we propose the following questions: How do our different perspectives on the subject help us to expand the idea of the meshwork? How could the focus on knots and crossings of a meshwork help creating a different perception of artistic practices? Which tools are sufficiently flexible to establish a context, connections, and offer possibilities to expand the topic? <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> By introducing our perspectives in short dialogical presentations on materiality and their processes in the morning, we intend to discuss alliances of the meshwork in the arts and our modes of collaboration. In the afternoon, we will explore different ways to display material processes and how interfaces could help to exemplify these in an analogue-digital-networked environment. <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> MATERIATHEK – MATERIAL ARCHIVE is a research project by Prof. Dr. Lilian Haberer, Prof. Anke Eckardt, Karin Lingnau, Johannes Hoffmann, Agustina Andreoletti at the Academy of Media Arts Cologne (KHM, 2019).<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> === Schedule ===<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> 9:30-10:00 - Introduction<br /> <br /> morning<br /> greeting (Karin), short: about the project (Lilian)<br /> introduction round (all)<br /> aspects/terms (everyone alternating)<br /> <br /> <br /> 10:00-12:30 - dialogues/alliances<br /> moderation/timing (Agustina)<br /> <br /> Adele Orcajada (MaterialDriven, London);<br /> Markus Joachim (ETH, Zürich)<br /> Anke Eckardt/Hans Bernhard (information and collecting; storage medium, agency);<br /> Lilian Haberer/Alex Grein (archives/artistic archives);<br /> Jacqueline Hen/Karin Lingnau/Johannes Hoffmann (process of translation/topic of material fiction);<br /> <br /> group discussion: following every second dialogue (also 15 min plus 5 min change of equipment)<br /> <br /> 12:30-13:30 - Break<br /> <br /> 13:30-14:45 - Microlectures<br /> 5 min explanation what is a microlecture? (Agustina)<br /> Exploring different ways to display material processes and how interfaces could help to exemplify these in an analogue-digital-networked environment.<br /> <br /> 5 min to find the team<br /> groups of two<br /> 10 min preparation<br /> 5 min each person to talk to the other, 30 to 45 min alltogether<br /> how to present it to the others? each group 3 min, 30 min alltogether<br /> <br /> <br /> 16:00-16:30 - Discussion and Resumé<br /> (Moderation Karin)</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Workshop_Meshwork_Einladungstext_%26_Schedule&diff=4678 2020-03-07T14:06:40Z

<p>Johannes: </p> <hr /> <div>back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]] | [[Workshop Meshwork|Workshop]]<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> '''Meshwork: Materials as processes, material processes, materials in process within artistic practices'''&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> Workshop, 17th January 2020 &lt;br&gt;<br /> 9:30–12:30 Session: Alliances. &lt;br&gt;<br /> 13.30–16.30 Session: Interfaces&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> On the concept of meshwork, the research project MATERIATHEK – MATERIAL ARCHIVE initiates a transdisciplinary workshop to investigate material processes and their artistic applications. During the work session, we aim to articulate different material practices, to focus on Tim Ingold's concept of meshwork through case studies, and to recognize modes of action for material transformation. The anthropological term meshwork is understood as the dense tangle produced by involved beings in their becoming. In this process, they create weavings of entangled lines that grow, move, and interrelate. For our meeting, we will pay attention to these different roles and modes of alliances and junctions within artistic processes. <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> To guide the conversation, we propose the following questions: How do our different perspectives on the subject help us to expand the idea of the meshwork? How could the focus on knots and crossings of a meshwork help creating a different perception of artistic practices? Which tools are sufficiently flexible to establish a context, connections, and offer possibilities to expand the topic? <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> By introducing our perspectives in short dialogical presentations on materiality and their processes in the morning, we intend to discuss alliances of the meshwork in the arts and our modes of collaboration. In the afternoon, we will explore different ways to display material processes and how interfaces could help to exemplify these in an analogue-digital-networked environment. <br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> <br /> MATERIATHEK – MATERIAL ARCHIVE is a research project by Prof. Dr. Lilian Haberer, Prof. Anke Eckardt, Karin Lingnau, Johannes Hoffmann, Agustina Andreoletti at the Academy of Media Arts Cologne (KHM, 2019).<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Schedule'''<br /> <br /> <br /> 9:30-10:00 - Introduction<br /> <br /> morning<br /> greeting (Karin), short: about the project (Lilian)<br /> introduction round (all)<br /> aspects/terms (everyone alternating)<br /> <br /> <br /> 10:00-12:30 - dialogues/alliances<br /> moderation/timing (Agustina)<br /> <br /> Adele Orcajada (MaterialDriven, London);<br /> Markus Joachim (ETH, Zürich)<br /> Anke Eckardt/Hans Bernhard (information and collecting; storage medium, agency);<br /> Lilian Haberer/Alex Grein (archives/artistic archives);<br /> Jacqueline Hen/Karin Lingnau/Johannes Hoffmann (process of translation/topic of material fiction);<br /> <br /> group discussion: following every second dialogue (also 15 min plus 5 min change of equipment)<br /> <br /> 12:30-13:30 - Break<br /> <br /> 13:30-14:45 - Microlectures<br /> 5 min explanation what is a microlecture? (Agustina)<br /> Exploring different ways to display material processes and how interfaces could help to exemplify these in an analogue-digital-networked environment.<br /> <br /> 5 min to find the team<br /> groups of two<br /> 10 min preparation<br /> 5 min each person to talk to the other, 30 to 45 min alltogether<br /> how to present it to the others? each group 3 min, 30 min alltogether<br /> <br /> <br /> 16:00-16:30 - Discussion and Resumé<br /> (Moderation Karin)</div>

Johannes https://exmediawiki.khm.de/index.php?title=Workshop_Meshwork&diff=4677 2020-03-07T14:05:53Z

<p>Johannes: /* Workshop Meshwork Einladungstext &amp; Schedule */</p> <hr /> <div>__NOTOC__<br /> back to [[Materiathek Home|Home]]<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> Mitschrift: https://pad.freifunk.net/p/materiathek_notes &lt;br&gt;<br /> Flyer: https://exmediawiki.khm.de/exmediawiki/images/0/0e/Meshwork_flyer_2.pdf<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> ===[[Workshop Meshwork To Do|To-Do-Liste]]===<br /> === [[Workshop Meshwork Nachbereitung|Nachbereitung]] ===<br /> ===Themen===<br /> siehe: https://pad.freifunk.net/p/materiathek_startsequenz &lt;br&gt;<br /> siehe: [[Themen/Sätze_Sammlung_für_dialogische_Einleitung#aspects_.2F_terms]]<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> ====[[Workshop Meshwork Einladungstext]]====<br /> <br /> ==== [[Workshop Meshwork Teilnehmer*innen|Teilnehmer*innen]] ====<br /> <br /> ----<br /> ===Friday, 17th - Schedule===<br /> <br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> '''9:30-10:00 - Introduction'''<br /> * morning<br /> * greeting (Karin), short: about the project (Lilian)<br /> * introduction round (all)<br /> * aspects/terms (everyone alternating)<br /> <br /> <br /> '''10:00-12:30 - dialogues/alliances''' &lt;br&gt;<br /> moderation/timing (Agustina)&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> * Adele Orcajada (MaterialDriven, London); <br /> * Markus Joachim (ETH, Zürich)&lt;br&gt;<br /> * Anke Eckardt/Hans Bernhard (information and collecting; storage medium, agency); &lt;br&gt;<br /> * Lilian Haberer/Alex Grein (archives/artistic archives); &lt;br&gt;<br /> * Jacqueline Hen/Karin Lingnau/Johannes Hoffmann (process of translation/topic of material fiction); &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> group discussion:<br /> following every second dialogue (also 15 min plus 5 min change of equipment)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> '''12:30-13:30 - Break'''<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> '''13:30-14:45 - Microlectures'''&lt;br&gt;<br /> 5 min explanation what is a microlecture? (Agustina)&lt;br&gt;<br /> Exploring different ways to display material processes and how interfaces could help to exemplify these in an analogue-digital-networked environment.&lt;br&gt;<br /> *5 min to find the team &lt;br&gt;<br /> *groups of two<br /> *10 min preparation<br /> *5 min each person to talk to the other, 30 to 45 min alltogether &lt;br&gt; <br /> *how to present it to the others? each group 3 min, 30 min alltogether<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> <br /> '''16:00-16:30 - Discussion and Resumé''' &lt;br&gt;<br /> (Moderation Karin)<br /> &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;br&gt;</div>

Johannes